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How to Experience French Holidays Like a Local
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Sep 5, 2024
Sep 1, 2024
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Discovering French Holidays: What to Expect in France During These Special Times

Overview of French Public Holidays

France, a country rich in culture and tradition, observes a variety of holidays that are deeply rooted in its history and religious practices. Whether you're planning a trip or simply curious about French customs, understanding these holidays is essential. In this article, we'll explore the key holidays celebrated in France, their significance, and what you can expect if you're in the country during these times.

What are the major holidays celebrated in France?

France observes eleven public holidays each year, known locally as jours fériés. These holidays are a mix of fixed dates and movable feasts that align with the Christian calendar. While holidays like Easter and Pentecost fall on Sundays and aren't considered public holidays, others like Christmas and Bastille Day are universally recognized.
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Fixed-Dated Holidays in France

The eight fixed-date holidays are celebrated with much enthusiasm across the country. Here’s a closer look at these important days:
  • Le Jour de l'An (New Year's Day - January 1): The year kicks off with celebrations and gatherings to welcome the new year. It's a day for family and friends to come together, often marked by large meals and festivities.
  • Fête du Travail (Labor Day - May 1): Similar to International Workers' Day, this holiday celebrates the achievements of workers. It's also a day for demonstrations and parades, particularly in major cities like Paris.
  • Victoire 1945 (Victory in Europe Day - May 8): This day commemorates the end of World War II in Europe. Ceremonies are held nationwide to honor the soldiers and civilians who played a role in the victory.
  • Fête Nationale (Bastille Day - July 14): Perhaps the most famous of French holidays, Bastille Day marks the beginning of the French Revolution. Expect grand parades, fireworks, and parties, especially in Paris where the Champs-Élysées hosts a military parade.
  • Assomption de Marie (Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary - August 15): A significant day in the Catholic calendar, this holiday celebrates the Assumption of Mary. Many towns and villages hold processions and religious ceremonies.
  • Toussaint (All Saints' Day - November 1): This day honors all saints and is a time for families to visit cemeteries and place flowers on the graves of loved ones.
  • Armistice 1918 (Armistice Day - November 11): Commemorating the end of World War I, this day is marked by solemn ceremonies across the country, including a moment of silence at 11 AM.
  • Noël (Christmas Day - December 25): Christmas in France is a time for family and religious observance. Many attend midnight Mass on Christmas Eve, followed by a traditional meal.

What is Bastille Day and why is it important?

Bastille Day, celebrated on July 14, is a national holiday in France that marks the beginning of the French Revolution. The day commemorates the storming of the Bastille prison in 1789, a key event that symbolized the end of the monarchy's absolute power and the birth of the modern French Republic. It is celebrated with grand parades, fireworks, and festive events, particularly in Paris.
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Movable Feasts: Celebrating Easter and Pentecost

In addition to the fixed holidays, France observes three significant Christian holidays that vary each year based on the date of Easter:
  • Lundi de Pâques (Easter Monday): The day after Easter Sunday is a public holiday in France. Families often enjoy a leisurely day, with traditional Easter meals and activities.
  • Ascension (Ascension Day): Celebrated on the Thursday, forty days after Easter, this day marks the ascent of Jesus into heaven. It's a public holiday, often used by the French to take an extended weekend.
  • Lundi de Pentecôte (Whit Monday): Falling fifty days after Easter, this day celebrates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles. While it's a public holiday, its observance has become more flexible in recent years, with some businesses choosing to remain open.

Why do the dates of some French holidays change every year?

Some French holidays, such as Easter Monday, Ascension Day, and Whit Monday, are movable feasts. Their dates change each year because they are determined based on the date of Easter, which is itself a movable feast. Easter is celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox, which can fall between March 22 and April 25.
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School Holidays: A Unique Aspect of French Life

France's school holidays are another important part of the calendar, with breaks spread throughout the year. These holidays are divided into three zones to manage travel and prevent overcrowding:
  • Toussaint Break (Late October): A twelve-day break that includes All Saints' Day, providing families a chance to relax as autumn sets in.
  • Noel-Le Jour de l'An Break (Christmas/New Year): A fifteen-day holiday from December 20 to January 4, filled with festive activities and family gatherings.
  • Hiver Break (Winter Break): This fifteen-day holiday in February allows families to enjoy winter sports and activities, especially in the mountainous regions of France.
  • Printemps Break (Spring Break): Another fifteen-day holiday, usually beginning on Good Friday, which offers a welcome respite as the weather starts to warm.
  • L'ete Holidays (Summer Vacation): The longest holiday, lasting two months from early July to September. This is when most French people take their annual vacation, making it a bustling time across the country.

How do French school holidays impact tourism?

French school holidays, particularly the summer vacation and spring break, can have a significant impact on tourism. During these periods, popular tourist destinations, especially in the south of France, can become crowded. Accommodation prices often rise, and reservations may be harder to secure. If you're planning to visit France during these times, it's advisable to book well in advance and prepare for increased tourist activity.
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The Impact of Holidays on Daily Life in France

During holidays, especially the lengthy ones, France can come to a virtual standstill. Businesses, shops, museums, post offices, and banks are typically closed, so it's important for visitors to plan accordingly. For those planning a trip to France, it's crucial to be aware of these dates to avoid any inconveniences.
The month of May is particularly notable, as it features several holidays within a short span. It's not uncommon for the French to take an extended break during this time, leading to increased travel and busy train stations and roads.

What should travelers know before visiting France during holidays?

Travelers should be aware that during French holidays, many businesses and attractions may be closed. It's important to plan ahead by checking the opening hours of museums, restaurants, and other sites. Additionally, travel can be more challenging due to increased traffic and potential strikes by public transport workers, a common occurrence during holidays. Make reservations early, especially in popular tourist areas.

Visiting France During Holidays: Tips for Travelers

If you're planning to visit France during a holiday period, here are some tips to help you navigate:
  • Plan Ahead: Make reservations for hotels, restaurants, and attractions well in advance to ensure availability.
  • Expect Crowds: Roads, train stations, and airports will be busier than usual, so allow extra time for travel.
  • Check Opening Hours: Some attractions may be closed or have limited hours during holidays, so it's wise to check in advance.

Is it a good idea to visit France during the summer holidays?

Visiting France during the summer holidays in July and August can be a double-edged sword. While the weather is typically beautiful, and many festivals take place, it is also the busiest time of year. Many French citizens are on vacation, leading to crowded beaches, packed tourist attractions, and higher prices. If you prefer a quieter experience, consider visiting in late spring or early autumn.
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Conclusion: Embracing French Holidays

French holidays offer a unique insight into the country's culture and traditions. Whether you're visiting during a public holiday or a school break, understanding these dates and their significance can enhance your experience. From the solemnity of Armistice Day to the joy of Christmas, each holiday in France is a reflection of the nation’s rich history and vibrant culture.
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